[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-kilauea-episode-45-a-detailed-lava-fountaining-chronology-at-halema-uma-u-summit-en":3,"ArticleBody_sUee0JUZHACbXxffTZj59mBxuDIq5pBxWG45wQbWQ":186},{"article":4,"relatedArticles":164,"locale":45},{"id":5,"title":6,"slug":7,"content":8,"htmlContent":9,"excerpt":10,"category":11,"tags":12,"metaDescription":10,"wordCount":13,"readingTime":14,"publishedAt":15,"sources":16,"sourceCoverage":37,"transparency":39,"seo":42,"language":45,"featuredImage":46,"featuredImageCredit":47,"isFreeGeneration":51,"trendSlug":52,"niche":53,"geoTakeaways":57,"geoFaq":66,"entities":76},"69ed184b13e12ee4f7993ddf","Kīlauea Episode 45: A Detailed Lava Fountaining Chronology at Halemaʻumaʻu Summit","kilauea-episode-45-a-detailed-lava-fountaining-chronology-at-halema-uma-u-summit","## Setting the Stage: [Episode 45](\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7ec-episode-45) in [Kīlauea](\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19a9e1ca17caac37a7e8-kilauea)’s Summit Eruption\n\nWithin the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu summit eruption, “Episode 45” is one of many numbered lava‑fountaining pulses documented in the [U.S. Geological Survey](\u002Fentities\u002F69e624816db79d4361e18490-united-states_Geological_Survey) [Hawaiian Volcano Observatory](\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7eb-hawaiian-volcano-observatory) (HVO) [Photo & Video Chronology program](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApollo_program).[4] This framework lets scientists compare:\n\n- Start and end times of each episode[3][4]  \n- Duration and general intensity  \n- Vent configuration and style of fountaining across months and years[3][4]\n\nKey basic facts for Episode 45:[1][2][4]  \n- Date: April 23, 2026  \n- Time: 1:34 a.m. to 10:01 a.m. HST (~8.5 hours)  \n- Location: North vent on the [Halemaʻumaʻu crater](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHalema%CA%BBuma%CA%BBu) floor  \n- Style: Continuous lava fountaining from a single active vent\n\nCrater‑floor configuration during Episode 45:[2]  \n- Two main vents: north and south, on slightly elevated ground  \n- Only the north vent produced sustained lava fountains  \n- South vent: weak, intermittent spattering that never formed a tall jet\n\nFountaining characteristics:[2][3]  \n- Heights mostly below ~300 m (~1,000 ft)  \n- Continuous [tephra](\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f4-tephra) fall and active [lava channels](\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f5-lava-fountaining_channel)  \n- Moderate intensity compared with Kīlauea’s tallest historical fountains[3]\n\nIn the 2025–2026 sequence, Episode 45 is broadly similar to:[3]  \n- [Episode 27](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_Twin_Peaks_episodes) (June 29, 2025): ~11 hours  \n- [Episode 28](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_Twin_Peaks_episodes) (July 9, 2025): just over 9 hours  \n\nThese multi‑hour pulses show a summit system able to sustain stable magma discharge for half‑day windows before abruptly shutting down.[3][4]\n\n---\n\n## Hour-by-Hour Chronology of Halemaʻumaʻu Lava Fountaining\n\nPrecursory activity over the two days before Episode 45 included:[2][4]  \n- Increased shallow seismicity beneath the summit  \n- Subtle ground deformation  \n- Renewed glow at summit vents, signaling rising magma\n\n**Onset phase (about 1:30–3:00 a.m.):**[1][2]  \n- First lava appears at the north vent  \n- Rapid growth into a coherent, vertically directed fountain  \n- By ~3:00 a.m., imagery shows:  \n  - A tall, bright fountain  \n  - Channelized lava flows spreading across the northern crater floor[1]\n\n📊 **Data point:** From onset to shutdown, only the north vent produced a sustained fountain, giving a clean single‑vent configuration unusual for some summit eruptions.[2][3][4]\n\n**Mature interval (about 3:00–7:00 a.m.):**[2]  \n- Dominant north‑vent fountain maintained for several hours  \n- Narrow lava channels drained a ponded lava zone in the central floor  \n- Telephoto views document:  \n  - Molten clasts arcing from the fountain  \n  - Hot lava cascading into channels trending toward the northern and eastern sectors[2]  \n- This was the most stable, efficient magma‑discharge phase.\n\n**Late stage (about 7:00–10:01 a.m.):**[2][4]  \n- Progressive decline in fountain height  \n- Reduced lava supply to channels and ponds  \n- Channels remained incandescent but increasingly crusted  \n- Fewer fresh overflows, signaling reduced magma flux yet still true fountaining, not just low‑level spattering[2]\n\nAt 10:01 a.m. HST, activity stopped abruptly.[1][2][4]  \n- Visual, seismic, and deformation records all show a sharp shutdown  \n- Such crisp endings constrain how fast summit magma flux can collapse, vital for modeling short‑term magma storage and transport.[3][4]\n\n⚠️ **Key point:** Precise start and stop times reveal how quickly pressure and magma flux can rise and fall in Kīlauea’s summit plumbing system.[2][3][4]\n\n---\n\n## Impacts, Observational Highlights, and Visual Documentation\n\nWind and hazard footprint:[2]  \n- Northerly winds pushed tephra away from most infrastructure  \n- No notable fallout in summit facilities or park roads within [Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park](\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f1-hawai-i-volcanoes-national-park)  \n- Only minor ash reported at [Pāhala](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FP%C4%81hala%2C_Hawaii)  \n- Overall: limited direct hazard despite hours of fountaining\n\nEpisode 45 provided excellent visual material:[1][2]  \n- Telephoto images capture:  \n  - Fragments peeling from the fountain’s crest  \n  - Transition from ballistic clasts to coherent lava streams on the crater floor  \n- These sequences demonstrate how fountains feed lava channels in real time[1][2]\n\nHVO’s Photo & Video Chronology program:[3][4]  \n- Produces time‑stamped image series for each episode  \n- Aids scientific analysis, education, and public communication  \n- Allows direct comparison of vent behavior, fountain heights, and lava‑flow patterns across episodes\n\nField photography guidance:[5]  \n- Cameras such as the [Nikon D850](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNikon_D850) are often used  \n- Recommended approach:  \n  - Full manual mode  \n  - Fast shutter speeds to freeze jets  \n  - Adjusted aperture and ISO to retain darker crater detail\n\nRelative to other 2025–2026 events, Episode 45:[2][3][4]  \n- Duration: 8.5 hours (shorter than Episode 27, similar to Episode 28)[3]  \n- Intensity: sub‑300‑meter fountains, middle of the pack  \n- Fits a pattern of multi‑hour fountaining “sessions” at the summit\n\nChronologies that integrate:[2][3][4]  \n- Start–stop times  \n- Fountain heights and vent locations  \n- Lava‑coverage maps  \n- Wind and ash‑dispersal notes  \n\nhelp the U.S. Geological Survey, [National Weather Service](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNational_Weather_Service), and Hawai‘i County Civil Defense improve near‑real‑time forecasts for ash, tephra, and new lava coverage.[2][3][4]\n\n⚡ **Key point:** Every image, timestamp, and wind observation becomes part of a growing dataset used to refine magma‑movement models and support community protection.[2][3]\n\n---\n\n## Conclusion: Why Episode 45 Matters\n\nEpisode 45 offers a concise, well‑documented story:[1][2][4]  \n- Clear precursory unrest  \n- Fountaining onset at 1:34 a.m. on April 23, 2026  \n- 8.5 hours of single‑vent north‑vent fountaining  \n- Sharp termination at 10:01 a.m.\n\nWith moderate sub‑300‑meter fountains and limited ash impacts, Episode 45 is scientifically valuable yet relatively low‑impact for nearby communities.[2][3] For photographers, students, and volcano enthusiasts, the HVO Photo & Video Chronology for this and neighboring episodes provides a ready‑made dataset for analysis, teaching, and risk‑awareness planning.[2][3][4]","\u003Ch2>Setting the Stage: \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7ec-episode-45\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Episode 45\u003C\u002Fa> in \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19a9e1ca17caac37a7e8-kilauea\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kīlauea\u003C\u002Fa>’s Summit Eruption\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Within the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu summit eruption, “Episode 45” is one of many numbered lava‑fountaining pulses documented in the \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fentities\u002F69e624816db79d4361e18490-united-states_Geological_Survey\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Geological Survey\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7eb-hawaiian-volcano-observatory\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hawaiian Volcano Observatory\u003C\u002Fa> (HVO) \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApollo_program\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Photo & Video Chronology program\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa> This framework lets scientists compare:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Start and end times of each episode\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Duration and general intensity\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Vent configuration and style of fountaining across months and years\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>Key basic facts for Episode 45:\u003Ca href=\"#source-1\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [1]\">[1]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Date: April 23, 2026\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Time: 1:34 a.m. to 10:01 a.m. HST (~8.5 hours)\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Location: North vent on the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHalema%CA%BBuma%CA%BBu\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Halemaʻumaʻu crater\u003C\u002Fa> floor\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Style: Continuous lava fountaining from a single active vent\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>Crater‑floor configuration during Episode 45:\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Two main vents: north and south, on slightly elevated ground\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Only the north vent produced sustained lava fountains\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>South vent: weak, intermittent spattering that never formed a tall jet\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>Fountaining characteristics:\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Heights mostly below ~300 m (~1,000 ft)\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Continuous \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f4-tephra\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tephra\u003C\u002Fa> fall and active \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f5-lava-fountaining_channel\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lava channels\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Moderate intensity compared with Kīlauea’s tallest historical fountains\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>In the 2025–2026 sequence, Episode 45 is broadly similar to:\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_Twin_Peaks_episodes\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Episode 27\u003C\u002Fa> (June 29, 2025): ~11 hours\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_Twin_Peaks_episodes\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Episode 28\u003C\u002Fa> (July 9, 2025): just over 9 hours\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>These multi‑hour pulses show a summit system able to sustain stable magma discharge for half‑day windows before abruptly shutting down.\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>Hour-by-Hour Chronology of Halemaʻumaʻu Lava Fountaining\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Precursory activity over the two days before Episode 45 included:\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Increased shallow seismicity beneath the summit\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Subtle ground deformation\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Renewed glow at summit vents, signaling rising magma\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Onset phase (about 1:30–3:00 a.m.):\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Ca href=\"#source-1\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [1]\">[1]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>First lava appears at the north vent\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Rapid growth into a coherent, vertically directed fountain\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>By ~3:00 a.m., imagery shows:\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>A tall, bright fountain\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Channelized lava flows spreading across the northern crater floor\u003Ca href=\"#source-1\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [1]\">[1]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>📊 \u003Cstrong>Data point:\u003C\u002Fstrong> From onset to shutdown, only the north vent produced a sustained fountain, giving a clean single‑vent configuration unusual for some summit eruptions.\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Mature interval (about 3:00–7:00 a.m.):\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Dominant north‑vent fountain maintained for several hours\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Narrow lava channels drained a ponded lava zone in the central floor\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Telephoto views document:\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Molten clasts arcing from the fountain\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Hot lava cascading into channels trending toward the northern and eastern sectors\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>This was the most stable, efficient magma‑discharge phase.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Late stage (about 7:00–10:01 a.m.):\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Progressive decline in fountain height\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Reduced lava supply to channels and ponds\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Channels remained incandescent but increasingly crusted\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Fewer fresh overflows, signaling reduced magma flux yet still true fountaining, not just low‑level spattering\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>At 10:01 a.m. HST, activity stopped abruptly.\u003Ca href=\"#source-1\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [1]\">[1]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Visual, seismic, and deformation records all show a sharp shutdown\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Such crisp endings constrain how fast summit magma flux can collapse, vital for modeling short‑term magma storage and transport.\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>⚠️ \u003Cstrong>Key point:\u003C\u002Fstrong> Precise start and stop times reveal how quickly pressure and magma flux can rise and fall in Kīlauea’s summit plumbing system.\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>Impacts, Observational Highlights, and Visual Documentation\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Wind and hazard footprint:\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Northerly winds pushed tephra away from most infrastructure\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>No notable fallout in summit facilities or park roads within \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fentities\u002F69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f1-hawai-i-volcanoes-national-park\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Only minor ash reported at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FP%C4%81hala%2C_Hawaii\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pāhala\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Overall: limited direct hazard despite hours of fountaining\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>Episode 45 provided excellent visual material:\u003Ca href=\"#source-1\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [1]\">[1]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Telephoto images capture:\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Fragments peeling from the fountain’s crest\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Transition from ballistic clasts to coherent lava streams on the crater floor\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>These sequences demonstrate how fountains feed lava channels in real time\u003Ca href=\"#source-1\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [1]\">[1]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>HVO’s Photo & Video Chronology program:\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Produces time‑stamped image series for each episode\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Aids scientific analysis, education, and public communication\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Allows direct comparison of vent behavior, fountain heights, and lava‑flow patterns across episodes\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>Field photography guidance:\u003Ca href=\"#source-5\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [5]\">[5]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Cameras such as the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNikon_D850\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nikon D850\u003C\u002Fa> are often used\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Recommended approach:\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Full manual mode\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Fast shutter speeds to freeze jets\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Adjusted aperture and ISO to retain darker crater detail\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>Relative to other 2025–2026 events, Episode 45:\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Duration: 8.5 hours (shorter than Episode 27, similar to Episode 28)\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Intensity: sub‑300‑meter fountains, middle of the pack\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Fits a pattern of multi‑hour fountaining “sessions” at the summit\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>Chronologies that integrate:\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Start–stop times\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Fountain heights and vent locations\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Lava‑coverage maps\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Wind and ash‑dispersal notes\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>help the U.S. Geological Survey, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNational_Weather_Service\" class=\"wiki-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Weather Service\u003C\u002Fa>, and Hawai‘i County Civil Defense improve near‑real‑time forecasts for ash, tephra, and new lava coverage.\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>⚡ \u003Cstrong>Key point:\u003C\u002Fstrong> Every image, timestamp, and wind observation becomes part of a growing dataset used to refine magma‑movement models and support community protection.\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Ch2>Conclusion: Why Episode 45 Matters\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Episode 45 offers a concise, well‑documented story:\u003Ca href=\"#source-1\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [1]\">[1]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Clear precursory unrest\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Fountaining onset at 1:34 a.m. on April 23, 2026\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>8.5 hours of single‑vent north‑vent fountaining\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Sharp termination at 10:01 a.m.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>With moderate sub‑300‑meter fountains and limited ash impacts, Episode 45 is scientifically valuable yet relatively low‑impact for nearby communities.\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa> For photographers, students, and volcano enthusiasts, the HVO Photo & Video Chronology for this and neighboring episodes provides a ready‑made dataset for analysis, teaching, and risk‑awareness planning.\u003Ca href=\"#source-2\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [2]\">[2]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-3\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [3]\">[3]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"#source-4\" class=\"citation-link\" title=\"View source [4]\">[4]\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n","Setting the Stage: Episode 45 in Kīlauea’s Summit Eruption\n\nWithin the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu summit eruption, “Episode 45” is one of many numbered lava‑fountaining pulses documented in the U.S. Geologi...","trend-radar",[],849,4,"2026-04-25T19:47:50.053Z",[17,22,26,30,33],{"title":18,"url":19,"summary":20,"type":21},"April 23, 2026 — Kīlauea lava fountaining episode 45","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.usgs.gov\u002Fmedia\u002Fimages\u002Fapril-23-2026-kilauea-lava-fountaining-episode-45","April 23, 2026 — Kīlauea lava fountaining episode 45\n\nBy Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, April 23, 2026\n\nDetailed Description\n\nEpisode 45 of the Kīlauea summit eruption began at 1:34 a.m. HST on April 2...","kb",{"title":23,"url":24,"summary":25,"type":21},"Photo & Video Chronology — April 23, 2026 — Kīlauea episode 45","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.usgs.gov\u002Fobservatories\u002Fhvo\u002Fnews\u002Fphoto-video-chronology-april-23-2026-kilauea-episode-45","By Hawaiian Volcano Observatory April 24, 2026\n\nEpisode 45 of lava fountaining in Halemaʻumaʻu at the summit of Kīlauea began at 1:34 a.m. HST on April 23, after two days of precursory activity, and e...",{"title":27,"url":28,"summary":29,"type":21},"Photo and Video Chronology","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.usgs.gov\u002Fobservatories\u002Fhvo\u002Fphoto-and-video-chronology-0?page=2","By Hawaiian Volcano Observatory\n\nHawaiian Volcano Observatory \n\nThe Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Photo and Video Chronologies provide visual updates of eruptive activity, field work, and more.\n\n## Haw...",{"title":27,"url":31,"summary":32,"type":21},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.usgs.gov\u002Fvolcanoes\u002Fkilauea\u002Fphoto-and-video-chronology","Photo and Video Chronology\n\nBy Kīlauea\n\nKīlauea\n\nThe Kīlauea Photo and Video Chronology provides visual updates of eruptive activity, field work, and more.\n\n## Photo and Video Chronology\n\nFilter Total...",{"title":34,"url":35,"summary":36,"type":21},"Nikon D850","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F259675177784577\u002Fposts\u002F2116700975415312\u002F","Nikon D850\n\nSettings for photographing fountaining lava with a D850?\n\nSummarized by AI from the post below\n\nNikon D850\n\nJoin\n\nDavid Davis\n\nJanuary 17, 2025\n\nIf anyone has experience photographing foun...",{"totalSources":38},5,{"generationDuration":40,"kbQueriesCount":38,"confidenceScore":41,"sourcesCount":38},274037,100,{"metaTitle":43,"metaDescription":44},"Kīlauea Episode 45: Halemaʻumaʻu Lava Fountaining Log","Explore Episode 45 of Kīlauea’s summit eruption. Chronology of timing, vent activity and fountain heights — discover exact durations and key observations.","en","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.unsplash.com\u002Fphoto-1759503408354-8cfa8a13115e?ixid=M3w4OTczNDl8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxraWxhdWVhJTIwZXBpc29kZSUyMGxhdmElMjBmb3VudGFpbmluZ3xlbnwxfDB8fHwxNzc3MTQ1OTMwfDA&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&w=1200&h=630&fit=crop&crop=entropy&auto=format,compress&q=60",{"photographerName":48,"photographerUrl":49,"unsplashUrl":50},"James Lee","https:\u002F\u002Funsplash.com\u002F@picsbyjameslee?utm_source=coreprose&utm_medium=referral","https:\u002F\u002Funsplash.com\u002Fphotos\u002Ffiery-lava-erupting-from-a-volcano-at-night-7R0fFqrP5tk?utm_source=coreprose&utm_medium=referral",true,null,{"key":54,"name":55,"nameEn":56},"photovideo","Photo & Vidéo","Photo & Video",[58,60,62,64],{"text":59},"Episode 45 began at 1:34 a.m. HST on April 23, 2026 and ended abruptly at 10:01 a.m. HST, lasting 8.5 hours.",{"text":61},"Lava fountaining was sustained from a single north vent on the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor, with fountain heights mostly below ~300 m (~1,000 ft).",{"text":63},"Precursory shallow seismicity and summit deformation preceded the episode, and visual, seismic, and deformation records all show a sharp shutdown at 10:01 a.m.",{"text":65},"Tephra and ash impacts were limited by northerly winds, producing only minor ash at Pāhala and no significant fallout within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.",[67,70,73],{"question":68,"answer":69},"What made Episode 45 distinct compared with other summit fountaining episodes in 2025–2026?","Episode 45 was distinct because it produced a clean, sustained single‑vent fountain from the north vent for the entire 8.5‑hour duration, with most jets below ~300 m, and ended with a crisp, simultaneous cessation in visual, seismic, and deformation records at 10:01 a.m. This contrasts with some other episodes that involved multi‑vent activity or longer durations (for example, Episode 27 lasted ~11 hours). The combination of a sustained single‑vent configuration, well‑documented hour‑by‑hour imagery from HVO’s Photo & Video Chronology, and precise start\u002Fstop timestamps makes Episode 45 especially useful for constraining short‑term magma flux behavior and testing models of rapid pressure and discharge changes in Kīlauea’s summit plumbing system.",{"question":71,"answer":72},"How rapid was the shutdown and why does that matter for magma‑flux models?","The shutdown was abrupt and effectively simultaneous across visual, seismic, and deformation datasets at 10:01 a.m., indicating the summit magma flux can collapse on timescales of minutes to hours. This rapid termination provides a tight observational constraint for models of conduit pressure release, summit storage depletion, and magma transport rates, improving forecasts of how quickly activity can cease after hours‑long fountaining.",{"question":74,"answer":75},"Did Episode 45 pose major hazards to nearby communities or park infrastructure?","No, Episode 45 posed limited hazards to nearby communities and park infrastructure because northerly winds kept tephra away from most facilities, only minor ash was reported at Pāhala, and there was no significant fallout within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. The fountaining produced active lava channels confined to the crater floor and sub‑300‑meter jets, which reduced the likelihood of widespread ballistic impacts or long‑range ash dispersal.",[77,85,91,98,103,109,113,119,125,129,136,142,148,154,159],{"id":78,"name":79,"type":80,"confidence":81,"wikipediaUrl":82,"slug":83,"mentionCount":84},"69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f4","tephra","concept",0.95,"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTephra","69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f4-tephra",3,{"id":86,"name":87,"type":80,"confidence":88,"wikipediaUrl":89,"slug":90,"mentionCount":84},"69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f5","Lava fountaining",0.98,"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLava","69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f5-lava-fountaining",{"id":92,"name":93,"type":80,"confidence":94,"wikipediaUrl":95,"slug":96,"mentionCount":97},"69ed1aa0e1ca17caac37a84a","Photo & Video Chronology program",0.97,"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApollo_program","69ed1aa0e1ca17caac37a84a-photo-video-chronology-program",1,{"id":99,"name":100,"type":80,"confidence":101,"wikipediaUrl":52,"slug":102,"mentionCount":97},"69ed1aa1e1ca17caac37a850","shallow seismicity",0.88,"69ed1aa1e1ca17caac37a850-shallow-seismicity",{"id":104,"name":105,"type":80,"confidence":106,"wikipediaUrl":107,"slug":108,"mentionCount":97},"69ed1aa0e1ca17caac37a84d","lava channels",0.96,"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLava_channel","69ed1aa0e1ca17caac37a84d-lava-channels",{"id":110,"name":111,"type":80,"confidence":101,"wikipediaUrl":52,"slug":112,"mentionCount":97},"69ed1aa1e1ca17caac37a851","ground deformation","69ed1aa1e1ca17caac37a851-ground-deformation",{"id":114,"name":115,"type":116,"confidence":88,"wikipediaUrl":117,"slug":118,"mentionCount":14},"69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7ec","Episode 45","event","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_Naruto_episodes","69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7ec-episode-45",{"id":120,"name":121,"type":116,"confidence":122,"wikipediaUrl":123,"slug":124,"mentionCount":97},"69ed1aa0e1ca17caac37a84c","Episode 28",0.9,"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_Twin_Peaks_episodes","69ed1aa0e1ca17caac37a84c-episode-28",{"id":126,"name":127,"type":116,"confidence":122,"wikipediaUrl":123,"slug":128,"mentionCount":97},"69ed1aa0e1ca17caac37a84b","Episode 27","69ed1aa0e1ca17caac37a84b-episode-27",{"id":130,"name":131,"type":132,"confidence":133,"wikipediaUrl":134,"slug":135,"mentionCount":14},"69ed19a9e1ca17caac37a7e8","Kīlauea","location",0.99,"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FK%C4%ABlauea","69ed19a9e1ca17caac37a7e8-kilauea",{"id":137,"name":138,"type":132,"confidence":133,"wikipediaUrl":139,"slug":140,"mentionCount":141},"69ed19ede1ca17caac37a80c","Halemaʻumaʻu crater","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHalema%CA%BBuma%CA%BBu","69ed19ede1ca17caac37a80c-halema-uma-u-crater",2,{"id":143,"name":144,"type":132,"confidence":145,"wikipediaUrl":146,"slug":147,"mentionCount":141},"69ed1a10e1ca17caac37a825","Pāhala",0.92,"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FP%C4%81hala%2C_Hawaii","69ed1a10e1ca17caac37a825-pahala",{"id":149,"name":150,"type":151,"confidence":133,"wikipediaUrl":152,"slug":153,"mentionCount":14},"69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7eb","Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","organization","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHawaiian_Volcano_Observatory","69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7eb-hawaiian-volcano-observatory",{"id":155,"name":156,"type":151,"confidence":133,"wikipediaUrl":157,"slug":158,"mentionCount":84},"69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7ea","U.S. Geological Survey","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUnited_States_Geological_Survey","69ed19aae1ca17caac37a7ea-u-s-geological-survey",{"id":160,"name":161,"type":151,"confidence":94,"wikipediaUrl":162,"slug":163,"mentionCount":84},"69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f1","Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHawai%CA%BBi_Volcanoes_National_Park","69ed19abe1ca17caac37a7f1-hawai-i-volcanoes-national-park",[165,172,179],{"id":166,"title":167,"slug":168,"excerpt":169,"category":11,"featuredImage":170,"publishedAt":171},"69e14ed50d4309e264ae794b","Panasonic Lumix DC-ZS300 Compact Camera Review and Features","panasonic-lumix-dc-zs300-compact-camera-review-and-features","Panasonic Lumix DC-ZS300 at a Glance: Who It’s For and Core Specs\n\nThe Panasonic Lumix DC‑ZS300 is a travel‑focused compact meant for pockets, not camera bags. It covers most trip scenarios—cityscapes...","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.unsplash.com\u002Fphoto-1744550913251-358d8dd631ca?ixid=M3w4OTczNDl8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxwYW5hc29uaWMlMjBsdW1peCUyMHpzMzAwJTIwY29tcGFjdHxlbnwxfDB8fHwxNzc2MzczNDYwfDA&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&w=1200&h=630&fit=crop&crop=entropy&auto=format,compress&q=60","2026-04-16T21:12:16.633Z",{"id":173,"title":174,"slug":175,"excerpt":176,"category":11,"featuredImage":177,"publishedAt":178},"69dd50ce0e05c665fc3c4f72","ViewTech’s Triple-Camera Video Borescope Debuts at WTUI 2026: What Turbine Teams Need to Know","viewtech-s-triple-camera-video-borescope-debuts-at-wtui-2026-what-turbine-teams-need-to-know","Why the WTUI 2026 Launch Matters for Turbine Inspections\n\nWestern Turbine Users Inc. (WTUI) 2026 is a key annual event for combustion turbine operations, maintenance, and inspection professionals, bri...","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.unsplash.com\u002Fphoto-1671115544423-e5ecf3d6673d?ixid=M3w4OTczNDl8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHx2aWV3dGVjaCUyMG5ld3xlbnwxfDB8fHwxNzc2MTExODIyfDA&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&w=1200&h=630&fit=crop&crop=entropy&auto=format,compress&q=60","2026-04-13T20:33:35.094Z",{"id":180,"title":181,"slug":182,"excerpt":183,"category":11,"featuredImage":184,"publishedAt":185},"69da6829063dff5c2728802d","Canon PowerShot cameras to feature all‑new image sensor","canon-powershot-cameras-to-feature-all-new-image-sensor","Introduction\n\nCanon is planning a major reboot of its PowerShot compact line, built around an “all‑new” image sensor designed specifically for upcoming models.[2]  \n\nAfter years of focusing on the EOS...","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.unsplash.com\u002Fphoto-1697542902787-7506413192e5?ixid=M3w4OTczNDl8MHwxfHNlYXJjaHwxfHxjYW5vbiUyMHBvd2Vyc2hvdCUyMGNhbWVyYXMlMjBmZWF0dXJlfGVufDF8MHx8fDE3NzU5MjExOTN8MA&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&w=1200&h=630&fit=crop&crop=entropy&auto=format,compress&q=60","2026-04-11T15:33:12.689Z",["Island",187],{"key":188,"params":189,"result":191},"ArticleBody_sUee0JUZHACbXxffTZj59mBxuDIq5pBxWG45wQbWQ",{"props":190},"{\"articleId\":\"69ed184b13e12ee4f7993ddf\"}",{"head":192},{}]